Vibration absorber

How do vibration absorbers perform under vibrations of different frequencies and amplitudes?

Effect of frequency on vibration absorber performance
Vibration frequency refers to the number of vibrations per unit time, usually measured in Hertz (Hz). In industrial production, different equipment and processes produce different vibration frequencies. vibration absorbers are usually designed with their operating frequency range in mind to ensure that they can achieve the best shock absorption effect within this range.

Low-frequency vibration (0.1 Hz to 30 Hz): Low-frequency vibrations are usually caused by the operation of large equipment, ground fluctuations or other external environments. Although this type of vibration has a low frequency, it may cause long-term fatigue damage, structural loosening and even equipment failure to mechanical equipment and structures. For low-frequency vibrations, vibration absorbers need to have good low-frequency damping characteristics to effectively absorb and disperse vibration energy. For example, air spring vibration absorbers perform well in low-frequency shock absorption due to their special working principle and structural design. They absorb vibration energy by compressing and releasing air, thereby protecting equipment and structures from the effects of low-frequency vibrations.

Medium-frequency vibration (30 Hz to 300 Hz): Medium-frequency vibration is more common in industrial production, such as the vibration generated by pumps, fans, compressors and other equipment during operation. Medium-frequency vibration has relatively balanced requirements for vibration absorbers, requiring both good damping performance to reduce vibration transmission and sufficient stiffness to maintain the stability of the equipment. Spring vibration absorbers are widely used in this field. Through the elasticity of the spring and the absorption of the damping material, they effectively reduce the impact of medium-frequency vibration on equipment and piping systems.

High-frequency vibration (above 300 Hz): High-frequency vibration is often generated by high-speed rotating mechanical equipment or precision instruments, such as motors, gearboxes, etc. High-frequency vibration has more stringent requirements for vibration absorbers, because high-frequency vibration not only causes mechanical fatigue and damage to the equipment, but also may cause noise pollution. For high-frequency vibration, rubber vibration absorbers are widely used due to their excellent damping performance and good high-frequency absorption capacity. Rubber vibration absorbers convert high-frequency vibration energy into heat energy and dissipate it through the elasticity and damping characteristics of rubber materials, thereby achieving the effect of shock reduction and noise reduction.

Impact of amplitude on vibration absorber performance
Amplitude refers to the maximum distance from the equilibrium position during vibration. Vibrations of different amplitudes have different requirements for vibration absorbers.

Small amplitude vibration: Under small amplitude vibration conditions, vibration absorbers mainly play the role of fine-tuning and buffering. At this time, the stiffness and damping performance of the vibration absorber are relatively moderate to meet the requirements. For example, in precision instruments and electronic equipment, in order to maintain the stability and accuracy of the equipment, high-sensitivity vibration absorbers are usually used to reduce the impact of small amplitude vibrations.

Large amplitude vibration: Under large amplitude vibration environments, vibration absorbers need to withstand greater impact and vibration energy. Therefore, vibration absorbers need to have higher stiffness and stronger damping capacity to maintain stability and safety. Spring vibration absorbers perform well in large amplitude vibrations. They effectively alleviate the impact of large amplitude vibrations on equipment and structures through the elastic deformation of the spring and the absorption of the damping material.